Using nbgrader with JupyterHub

See also

Creating and grading assignments

Documentation for nbgrader generate_assignment, nbgrader autograde, nbgrader formgrade, and nbgrader generate_feedback.

Exchanging assignment files

Documentation for nbgrader release_assignment, nbgrader fetch_assignment, nbgrader submit, and nbgrader collect.

The nbgrader_config.py file

Details on how to setup the nbgrader_config.py file.

The philosophy and the approach

More details on how the nbgrader hierarchy is structured.

JupyterHub Documentation

Detailed documentation describing how JupyterHub works, which is very much required reading if you want to integrate the formgrader with JupyterHub.

For instructors running a class with JupyterHub, nbgrader offers several tools that optimize and enrich the instructors’ and students’ experience of sharing the same system. By integrating with JupyterHub, nbgrader streamlines the process of releasing and collecting assignments for the instructor and of fetching and submitting assignments for the student. In addition to using the nbgrader release_assignment, nbgrader fetch_assignment, nbgrader submit, and nbgrader collect commands (see Exchanging assignment files) with a shared server setup like JupyterHub, the formgrader (see Creating and grading assignments) can be configured to integrate with JupyterHub so that all grading can occur on the same server.

Warning

When using nbgrader with JupyterHub, it is strongly recommended to set a logfile so that you can more easily debug problems. To do so, you can set a config option, for example NbGrader.logfile = "/usr/local/share/jupyter/nbgrader.log".

Each of these use cases also has a corresponding demo in the demos folder of the GitHub repository.

Example Use Case: One Class, One Grader

The formgrader should work out-of-the-box with JupyterHub if you only have a single grader for your class: all you need to do is make sure that you have installed and enabled the nbgrader extensions (see Installation) and then make sure the path to your course directory is properly set in the instructor’s nbgrader_config.py. For example, if the instructor account is called instructor and your course directory is located in /home/instructor/course101/, then you should have a file at /home/instructor/.jupyter/nbgrader_config.py with contents like:

c = get_config()
c.CourseDirectory.root = '/home/instructor/course101'

The following figure describes the relationship between the instructor account, the student accounts, and the formgrader on JupterHub. In particular, note that in this case the formgrader is running directly on the instructor’s account:

../_images/one_class_one_instructor.png

Example Use Case: One Class, Multiple Graders

If you have multiple graders, then you can set up a shared notebook server as a JupyterHub service. I recommend creating a separate grader account (such as grader-course101) for this server to have access to.

The following figure describes the relationship between the instructor accounts, the student accounts, and the formgrader on JupterHub. In particular, note that in this case the formgrader is running as a separate service, which each instructor then has access to:

../_images/one_class_multiple_instructors.png

You will additionally need to install and enable the various nbgrader extensions for different accounts (see Installation). This table should clarify which extension to enable when you have separate services for the formgraders.

Students

Instructors

Formgraders

Create Assignment

no

no

yes

Assignment List

yes

yes

no

Formgrader

no

no

yes

Course List

no

yes

no

Your JupyterHub should look something like this:

c = get_config()

# Our user list
c.Authenticator.whitelist = [
    'instructor1',
    'instructor2',
    'student1',
]

# instructor1 and instructor2 have access to a shared server:
c.JupyterHub.load_groups = {
    'formgrade-course101': [
        'instructor1',
        'instructor2'
    ]
}

# Start the notebook server as a service. The port can be whatever you want
# and the group has to match the name of the group defined above. The name
# of the service MUST match the name of your course.
c.JupyterHub.services = [
    {
        'name': 'course101',
        'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:9999',
        'command': [
            'jupyterhub-singleuser',
            '--group=formgrade-course101',
            '--debug',
        ],
        'user': 'grader-course101',
        'cwd': '/home/grader-course101'
    }
]

Similarly to the use case with just a single grader, there needs to then be a nbgrader_config.py file in the root of the grader account, which points to the directory where the class files are, e.g. in /home/grader-course101/.jupyter/nbgrader_config.py:

c = get_config()
c.CourseDirectory.root = '/home/grader-course101/course101'

You will additionally need to add a global nbgrader config file (for example, in /etc/jupyter/nbgrader_config.py) which specifies the course id:

c = get_config()
c.CourseDirectory.course_id = 'course101'

This course id MUST match the name of the service that is running the formgrader.

Example Use Case: Multiple Classes

As in the case of multiple graders for a single class, if you have multiple classes on the same JupyterHub instance, then you will need to create multiple services (one for each course) and corresponding accounts for each service (with the nbgrader extensions enabled, see Installation). For example, you could have users grader-course101 and grader-course123 which access services called course101 and course123, respectively.

The following figure describes the relationship between the instructor accounts and the formgraders on JupterHub (student accounts are not shown, but are the same as in Example Use Case: One Class, Multiple Graders). In particular, note that in this case each formgrader is running as a separate service, which some combination of instructors then have access to:

../_images/multiple_classes.png

JupyterHub Authentication

New in version 0.6.0.

With the advent of JupyterHubAuthPlugin, nbgrader will ask JupyterHub which students are enrolled in which courses and only show them assignments from those respective courses (note that the JupyterHubAuthPlugin requires JupyterHub version 0.8 or higher). Similarly, nbgrader will ask JupyterHub which instructors have access to which courses and only show them formgrader links for those courses.

On the JupyterHub side of things, to differentiate student from instructor, groups need to be named formgrade-{course_id} for instructors and and grader accounts, and nbgrader-{course_id} for students. The course service additionally needs to have an API token set that is from a JupyterHub admin (see JupyterHub documentation).

As in the case of multiple graders for a single class, if you have multiple classes on the same JupyterHub instance, then you will need to create multiple services (one for each course) and corresponding accounts for each service (with the nbgrader extensions enabled, see Installation). For example, you could have users grader-course101 and grader-course123. Your JupyterHub config would then look something like this:

c = get_config()

# Our user list
c.Authenticator.whitelist = [
    'instructor1',
    'instructor2',
    'student1',
    'grader-course101',
    'grader-course123'
]

c.Authenticator.admin_users = {
    'instructor1',
    'instructor2'
}

# instructor1 and instructor2 have access to different shared servers:
c.JupyterHub.load_groups = {
    'formgrade-course101': [
        'instructor1',
        'grader-course101',
    ],
    'formgrade-course123': [
        'instructor2',
        'grader-course123'
    ],
    'nbgrader-course101': [],
    'nbgrader-course123': []
}

# Start the notebook server as a service. The port can be whatever you want
# and the group has to match the name of the group defined above.
c.JupyterHub.services = [
    {
        'name': 'course101',
        'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:9999',
        'command': [
            'jupyterhub-singleuser',
            '--group=formgrade-course101',
            '--debug',
        ],
        'user': 'grader-course101',
        'cwd': '/home/grader-course101',
        'api_token': ''  # include api token from admin user
    },
    {
        'name': 'course123',
        'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:9998',
        'command': [
            'jupyterhub-singleuser',
            '--group=formgrade-course123',
            '--debug',
        ],
        'user': 'grader-course123',
        'cwd': '/home/grader-course123',
        'api_token': ''  # include api token from admin user
    },
]

Note: As you can see the nbgrader-{course_id} group is an empty list. Adding students to the JupyterHub group is automatically done when the instructor adds them to the course database with the nbgrader db student add command or through the formgrader.

On the nbgrader side of things, activating the JupyterHubAuthPlugin requires you to add it as an authentication plugin class into the nbgrader_config.py for all accounts. This is easiest to do by putting it in a global location such as /etc/jupyter/nbgrader_config.py. You also need to configure nbgrader to look for assignments in a subdirectory corresponding to the course name (see Can I use the “Assignment List” extension with multiple classes?). For example:

from nbgrader.auth import JupyterHubAuthPlugin
c = get_config()
c.Exchange.path_includes_course = True
c.Authenticator.plugin_class = JupyterHubAuthPlugin

There also needs to be a separate nbgrader_config.py file in the root of each grader account, which points to the directory where the class files are and which specifies what the course id is, e.g. /home/grader-course101/.jupyter/nbgrader_config.py would be:

c = get_config()
c.CourseDirectory.root = '/home/grader-course101/course101'
c.CourseDirectory.course_id = 'course101'

and /home/grader-course123/.jupyter/nbgrader_config.py would be:

c = get_config()
c.CourseDirectory.root = '/home/grader-course123/course123'
c.CourseDirectory.course_id = 'course123'

Finally, you will again need to enable and disable different combinations of the nbgrader extensions for different accounts. See the table in Example Use Case: One Class, Multiple Graders for details.

Custom Authentication

New in version 0.6.0.

To make your own custom authentication such as through an LTI you could start by making a method that inherits the Authenticator class, which is a plugin for different authentication methods.

There are now four authentication classes:

  • BaseAuthPlugin: Inherit this class when implementing your own plugin, thought of as a way to enable LTI use cases. This class is never called directly.

  • NoAuthPlugin: The default old behaviour. Using this plugin will allow any user to any course if they do not have a course_id in their nbgrader_config. This is still the default behaviour so no need to specify it in /etc/jupyter/nbgrader_config.py

  • JupyterHubAuthPlugin: Uses the Jupyterhub groups part of the JupyterHub API for authentication.

  • Authenticator: Configurable for different plugins.

API

class nbgrader.auth.BaseAuthPlugin(**kwargs)[source]
get_student_courses(student_id)[source]

Gets the list of courses that the student is enrolled in.

Parameters:

student_id (str) – The unique id of the student.

Return type:

Optional[list]

Returns:

  • A list of unique course ids, or None. If None is returned this means

  • that the student has access to any course that might exist. Otherwise

  • the student is only allowed access to the specific courses returned in

  • the list.

add_student_to_course(student_id, course_id)[source]

Grants a student access to a given course.

Parameters:
  • student_id (str) – The unique id of the student.

  • course_id (str) – The unique id of the course.

Return type:

None

remove_student_from_course(student_id, course_id)[source]

Removes a student’s access to a given course.

Parameters:
  • student_id (str) – The unique id of the student.

  • course_id (str) – The unique id of the course.

Return type:

None